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Linux设置静态IP

发表于 2023/06/26
作者
7 分钟阅读

由于最近 DIY 了一台主机，在新主机上创建Linux虚拟机做服务器集群需要服务器IP为静态IP，之前在Cent OS上设置过，这次使用Ubuntu 22.04.2 会有些区别，一并记录下设置方法。

设置静态IP重点是以下信息：

  • 网段
  • 网关
  • IP地址
  • dns服务器地址
  • 禁用 dhcp 协议

虚拟机与宿主机之间使用了 NAT，宿主机网段和虚拟机网段不同。

ubuntu

ubuntu 我使用的是 ubuntu 22.04.2。

查看下本机使用的网卡：

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root@node1:/home/uphie# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.160.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.160.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:fc16  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:ab:fc:16  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 48251  bytes 69947833 (69.9 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5109  bytes 362447 (362.4 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 217  bytes 27916 (27.9 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 217  bytes 27916 (27.9 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

得知网卡为 ens33，子网掩码为24位（255.255.255.0）。

查看下路由表：

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root@node1:/home/uphie# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.160.2   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.160.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33
192.168.160.2   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    100    0        0 ens33

网关为 192.168.160.2。

查看网卡配置文件：

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root@node1:/home/uphie# ll /etc/netplan/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jun 22 16:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 97 root root 4096 Jun 26 15:20 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  116 Jun 22 16:04 00-installer-config.yaml

编辑 /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml，

原配置：

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# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: true
  version: 2

改为下面这样：

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# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses: [192.168.160.101/24]  # 静态IP及掩码
      gateway4: 192.168.160.2          # 网关
      dhcp4: false                     # 禁用 dhcp
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.160.2,114.114.114.114] # dns 服务器
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd

我们仍使用之前的网段、网关和掩码，dns服务器优先使用网关，其次 114.114.114.114。

启用新配置：

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root@node1:/home/uphie# netplan apply

重新查看IP，并检测网络连接情况：

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root@node1:/home/uphie# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.160.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.160.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:fc16  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:ab:fc:16  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 51869  bytes 73460998 (73.4 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5970  bytes 467493 (467.4 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 259  bytes 33608 (33.6 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 259  bytes 33608 (33.6 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

root@node1:/home/uphie# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (39.156.66.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=44.1 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=250 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=44.3 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=45.0 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=45.6 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 5 received, 16.6667% packet loss, time 5027ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 44.108/85.718/249.637/81.961 ms

修改完成！

cent os

cent os 我使用的是cent os 7，cent os 8不再更新维护，建议使用 cent os 7 或 较新的 cent os stream。

首先查看网络信息：

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[root@localhost uphie]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.160.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.160.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:2de7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:9c:2d:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 222962  bytes 328889321 (313.6 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 34000  bytes 3591093 (3.4 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 24  bytes 1992 (1.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 24  bytes 1992 (1.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

网卡为 ens33。

查看路由：

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[root@localhost uphie]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.160.2   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ens33
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 ens33
192.168.160.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 ens33

网关为 192.168.160.2。

和 Ubuntu 不同的是，centos 需要编辑 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33，ifcfg-ens33 中的 ens33 正是网卡名。

之前为：

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TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=3a8c9789-79a8-4745-bd39-f0698404e35c
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes

改为：

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TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static                    # 改为静态
IPADDR="192.168.160.111"            # 添加静态IP地址
GATEWAY="192.168.160.2"             # 添加网关
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"             # 添加子网掩码
DNS="192.168.160.2,114.114.114.114" # 添加dns服务器
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=3a8c9789-79a8-4745-bd39-f0698404e35c
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes

重新启动network服务使生效：

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[root@localhost uphie]# systemctl restart network

检查网络：

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[root@localhost uphie]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.160.111  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.160.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9c:2de7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:9c:2d:e7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 223687  bytes 328944780 (313.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 34336  bytes 3646356 (3.4 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 24  bytes 1992 (1.9 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 24  bytes 1992 (1.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@localhost uphie]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (39.156.66.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=44.8 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=49.4 ms
64 bytes from 39.156.66.10 (39.156.66.10): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=45.1 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 44.896/46.492/49.401/2.060 ms

修改完成！

技术
linux ip ubuntu centos
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